Abstract: Al₂O₃ dispersion strengthened copper-carbon fiber composite was prepared by internal oxidation method. The influence of carbon fiber content by mass on the current-carrying friction and wear properties of composites was investigated. The results demonstrate that, the carbon fiber has the effect on the mechanical properties of composites, reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate obviously, and enhances the stability and current-carrying efficiency of composites. With the increase of carbon fiber content by mass, the wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear and fused deposition into adhesive wear. With a further increase of carbon fiber content by mass, the slight abrasive wear becomes the main wear mechanism, which shows that the carbon fiber plays a good lubrication role in current-carrying friction.