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磷、碳质量分数对粉末冶金高锰无磁钢组织与性能的影响

Effect of phosphorus and carbon mass fractions on microstructure and properties of PM high manganese non-magnetic steels

  • 摘要: 在高锰钢合金粉中添加不同质量分数Fe3P粉和石墨粉,采用压制烧结方法制备Fe–Mn–P–C无磁钢平衡块零件,研究了磷、碳含量(质量分数)对高锰无磁钢组织与性能的影响,并比较了Fe–Mn–P–C高锰钢与Fe–Mn–Cu–C高锰钢的性能。结果表明:添加Fe3P粉到高锰钢粉末中可以制备出组织均匀的无磁高锰钢。烧结件的密度和硬度随Fe3P添加量的增加而增大,当添加Fe3P质量分数超过2%之后,烧结件的密度基本保持不变;添加质量分数3% Fe3P的烧结件硬度最大,达到HRB 95左右。添加Fe3P质量分数小于1%的烧结件呈现无磁特性,添加Fe3P质量分数为2%时,烧结件呈现弱磁特性,添加Fe3P质量分数为3%时,烧结件呈现强磁特性。烧结件的密度和硬度随着石墨添加量的增加而增大,添加质量分数0.30%石墨时,烧结件的密度超过7.30 g∙cm−3;石墨添加量小于0.30%时,烧结件呈现无磁特性;石墨添加量为0.60%时,烧结件呈现弱磁特性;石墨添加量超过0.75%时,烧结件呈现强磁特性。与Fe–Mn–Cu–C高锰钢相比,Fe–Mn–P–C高锰钢的密度相对较低,硬度和磁性与Fe–Mn–Cu–C高锰钢相当,但力学性能均优于Fe–Mn–Cu–C高锰钢。

     

    Abstract: Fe–Mn–P–C non-magnetic steel balance block parts were prepared by pressing-sintering method by adding Fe3P powders and graphite powders in different mass fraction to the high manganese steel alloy powders. The effects of phosphorus and carbon content on the microstructure and properties of high manganese non-magnetic steels were studied, and the properties of Fe–Mn–P–C high manganese steels and Fe–Mn–Cu–C high manganese steels were compared. The results show that, the non-magnetic high manganese steels with the uniform structure can be prepared by adding Fe3P powders to the high manganese steel powders. The density and hardness of the sintered parts increase with the increase of Fe3P content. When the Fe3P mass fraction exceeds 2%, the density of sintered parts remains basically unchanged. The hardness of sintered parts with 3% Fe3P is the highest, reaching about HRB 95. When the Fe3P mass fraction is less than 1%, the sintered part shows no magnetic characteristics; when the Fe3P mass fraction is 2%, the sintered part shows the weak magnetic characteristics; when the Fe3P mass fraction is 3%, the sintered part shows the strong magnetic characteristics. The density and hardness of sintered parts increase with the increase of graphite content. When 0.30% graphite is added, the density of sintered parts exceeds 7.30 g∙cm−3. When the graphite mass fraction is less than 0.30%, the sintered part shows no magnetic characteristics; when the graphite mass fraction is 0.60%, the sintered part shows the weak magnetic characteristics; when the graphite mass fraction is 0.75%, the sintered part shows the strong magnetic characteristics. Compared with the Fe–Mn–Cu–C high manganese steels, the density of Fe–Mn–P–C high manganese steels is relatively low, and the hardness and magnetism are equivalent, but the mechanical properties are better than that of the Fe–Mn–Cu–C high manganese steels.

     

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