Effect of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure of high carbon iron based powder metallurgy materials
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摘要:
以Fe–Cu–0.8%C合金为原料，采用粉末冶金技术压制成形，研究不同烧结气氛（丙烷裂解和分解氨）条件对烧结产品显微组织的影响。结果表明：在丙烷裂解气氛中烧结，高碳产品表面会出现脱碳现象，产品表面硬度较芯部硬度低HV0.1 40，可通过添加不同流量的瓦斯进行碳补偿，但因补偿不均匀性，产品局部会出现网状渗碳体，影响产品的性能；在分解氨气氛中烧结，产品表面无明显脱碳情况，通过补偿5～10 L·h−1瓦斯即可获得最优的显微组织，而且试样表面与芯部的硬度基本一致。
Abstract:The influence of sintering atmosphere (propane cracking and ammonia decomposition) on the microstructure of the Fe–Cu–0.8%C alloy products sintered by powder metallurgy technology was studied. The results show that the decarburization are present on the surface of high-carbon products sintered in propane cracking atmosphere, and the product hardness on the surface is lower than that in the core by HV0.1 40. Carbon compensation can be carried out by adding gas flow, but the network cementite may appear in the part of products because of the uneven compensation, affecting the product performance. There is no obvious decarburization on the surface of the products sintered in decomposed ammonia atmosphere, the optimal microstructure can be obtained by compensating gas flow as 5~10 L·h−1, and the hardness on the surface and in the core of the products are basically the same.
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图 1 传动链轮在丙烷裂解气氛中烧结后的微观组织：（a）残留铁素体；（b）网状渗碳体
Figure 1. Microstructure of the drive sprockets after sintering in RX atmosphere: (a) residual ferrite; (b) network cementite
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图 3 齿部表面及芯部硬度测量范围
Figure 3. Hardness measurement range on the surface and in the core of the gears
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图 4 以丙烷裂解作为保护气氛及添加不同瓦斯补偿量烧结后的Fe–Cu–C显微组织：（a）0；（b）50 L·h−1；（c）、（d）100 L·h−1；（e）、（f）150 L·h−1
Figure 4. Microstructure of the Fe–Cu–C alloy products sintered in RX atmospheres and in the different flow of gas: (a) 0; (b) 50 L·h−1; (c), (d) 100 L·h−1; (e), (f) 150 L·h−1
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图 5 以分解氨作为保护气氛及添加不同瓦斯补偿量烧结后的Fe–Cu–C显微组织：（a）0；（b）5 L·h−1；（c）10 L·h−1；（d）、（e）15 L·h−1
Figure 5. Microstructure of the Fe–Cu–C alloy products sintered in AX atmospheres and in the different flow of gas: (a) 0; (b) 5 L·h−1; (c) 10 L·h−1; (d), (e) 15 L·h−1
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图 6 以分解氨作为烧结气氛并添加不同瓦斯补偿量烧结后试样感应淬火微观组织：（a）5 L·h−1；（b）10 L·h−1
Figure 6. Microstructure of the Fe–Cu–C alloy products after induction hardening sintered in AX atmospheres and in the different flow of gas: (a) 5 L·h−1; (b) 10 L·h−1
表 1 实验原料化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1 Chemical composition of the experimental raw materials
% Cu C 润滑剂 Fe 1.75 0.79 0.60 余量 
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表 2 不同烧结气氛条件下烧结试样平均硬度
Table 2 Average hardness of the Fe–Cu–C alloy products sintered at different sintering atmosphere
试样编号 烧结气氛 瓦斯流量 / (L·h−1) 表面硬度，HV0.1 芯部硬度，HV0.1 1 丙烷裂解 0 213.4 256.1 2 丙烷裂解 50 235.2 268.4 3 丙烷裂解（无渗碳体） 100 264.6 271.0 4 丙烷裂解 150 287.7 305.4 5 分解氨 0 258.9 267.5 6 分解氨 5 267.4 270.3 7 分解氨 10 271.2 268.7 8 分解氨 15 296.8 269.4
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