| Citation: |
FENG En-hao, WANG Xiao-qi, HAN Xiao, ZHOU Zhan-wei, KANG Nan, WANG Qing-zheng, ZHAO Chun-ling, LIN Xin. Process parameters optimization of Ti6Al4V fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2022, 40(6): 555-563. DOI: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2021040008
|
The metallurgical defects, such as pores, unmelted powders, and cracks, always appear in the processed components prepared by selective laser melting (SLM). The numerous researches focus on minimizing the inherent defects, but there are few studies on the effect of process parameters on these defects. The influence of process parameters on the relative density, surface roughness, and tensile properties of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V were studied in this paper. The results show that, the low laser power, high scanning speed, and high layer thickness cause the insufficient melting and the balling effects. In the case of Ti6Al4V, the optimized process parameters are considered as the laser power of 200 W, scanning speed of 500 mm/s, layer thickness 30 μm, and hatch distance of 105 μm, with which the processed sample presents the ultimate tensile strength as 1077 MPa and the yield strength as 907 MPa.
| [1] |
Edwards P, Ramulu M. Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti‒6A1‒4V. Mater Sci Eng A, 2014, 598: 327 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.041
|
| [2] |
赵瑶, 贺跃辉, 江垚, 等. 粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金的研究. 粉末冶金技术, 2009, 27(2): 108
Zhao Y, He Y H, Jiang Y, et al. Research on preparation of Ti6Al4V alloy using powder metallurgy. Powder Metall Technol, 2009, 27(2): 108
|
| [3] |
Sterling A J, Torries B, Shamsaei N, et al. Fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of direct laser deposited Ti‒6Al‒4V. Mater Sci Eng A, 2016, 655: 100 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.026
|
| [4] |
Miranda G, Araújo A, Bartolomeu F, et al. Design of Ti6Al4V‒HA composites produced by hot pressing for biomedical applications. Mater Des, 2016, 108: 488 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.023
|
| [5] |
Azarniya A, Colera X G, Mirzaali M J, et al. Additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V parts through laser metal deposition (LMD): Process, microstructure, and mechanical properties. J Alloys Compd, 2019, 804: 163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.255
|
| [6] |
Liu Q, Wang Y, Zheng H, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of LMD-SLM hybrid forming Ti6Al4V alloy. Mater Sci Eng A, 2016, 660: 24 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.069
|
| [7] |
Wen Y, Zhang B, Narayan R L, et al. Laser powder bed fusion of compositionally graded CoCrMo-Inconel 718. Addit Manuf, 2021, 40: 101926
|
| [8] |
Yu Z, Xu Z, Guo Y, et al. Study on properties of SLM-NiTi shape memory alloy under the same energy density. J Mater Res Technol, 2021, 13: 241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.058
|
| [9] |
Ponnusamy P, Sharma B, Masood S H, et al. A study of tensile behavior of SLM processed 17-4 PH stainless steel. Mater Today Proc, 2021, 45(6): 4531
|
| [10] |
Vastola G, Pei Q X, Zhang Y W. Predictive model for porosity in powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing at high beam energy regime. Addit Manuf, 2018, 22: 817
|
| [11] |
Gu D D, Shen Y F. Balling phenomena in direct laser sintering of stainless steel powder: Metallurgical mechanisms and control methods. Mater Des, 2009, 30(8): 2903 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.01.013
|
| [12] |
Murr L E, Quinones S A, Gaytan S M, et al. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti‒6Al‒4V produced by rapid-layer manufacturing for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2009, 2(1): 20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.05.004
|
| [13] |
Krakhmalev P, Fredriksson G, Yadroitsava I, et al. Deformation behavior and microstructure of Ti‒6Al‒4V manufactured by SLM. Physics Procedia, 2016, 83: 778 DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.080
|
| [14] |
Yang Y, Li X, Khonsari M M, et al. On enhancing surface wear resistance via rotating grains during selective laser melting. Addit Manuf, 2020, 36: 101583
|
| [15] |
Shi X S, Yan C, Feng W W, et al. Effect of high layer thickness on surface quality and defect behavior of Ti‒6Al‒4V fabricated by selective laser melting. Opt Laser Technol, 2020, 132: 106471 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106471
|
| [16] |
Gong H J, Rafi K, Gu H F, et al. Analysis of defect generation in Ti–6Al–4V parts made using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. Addit Manuf, 2014, 1-4: 87
|
| [17] |
Prashanth K G, Scudino S, Maity T, et al. Is the energy density a reliable parameter for materials synthesis by selective laser melting? Mater Res Lett, 2017, 5(6): 386
|
| [18] |
Cheng B, Shrestha S, Chou K. Stress and deformation evaluations of scanning strategy effect in selective laser melting. Addit Manuf, 2016, 12: 240
|
| [19] |
倪晓晴, 孔德成, 温莹, 等. 3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法. 粉末冶金技术, 2019, 37(3): 163
Ni X Q, Kong D C, Wen Y, et al. Influence factors and improvement methods on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials. Powder Metall Technol, 2019, 37(3): 163
|
| [20] |
Shen Y F, Gu D D, Pan Y F. Balling process in selective laser sintering 316 stainless steel powder. Key Eng Mater, 2006, 315-316: 357 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.315-316.357
|
| [21] |
Deckers J, Meyers S, Kruth J P, et al. Direct selective laser sintering/melting of high density alumina powder layers at elevated temperatures. Physics Procedia, 2014, 56: 117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.154
|
| [22] |
Yadroitsev I, Smurov I. Surface morphology in selective laser melting of metal powders. Physics Procedia, 2011, 12: 264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.034
|
| [23] |
Eberhard A, Michael K. Analysis and optimisation of vertical surface roughness in micro selective laser melting. Surf Topogr Metrol Prop, 2015, 3(3): 034007 DOI: 10.1088/2051-672X/3/3/034007
|
| [24] |
Spierings A B, Herres N, Levy G. Influence of the particle size distribution on surface quality and mechanical properties in AM steel parts. Rapid Prototyp J, 2011, 17(3): 195 DOI: 10.1108/13552541111124770
|
| [25] |
Chen Z E, Wu X H, Tomus D, et al. Surface roughness of selective laser melted Ti‒6Al‒4V alloy components. Addit Manuf, 2018, 21: 91
|
| [26] |
Kang N, Coniglio N, Cao Y, et al. Intrinsic heat treatment induced graded surficial microstructure and tribological properties of selective laser melted titanium. J Tribol, 2021, 143(5): 1
|
| [27] |
Aziz I A, Gabbitas B, Stanford M. Microstructure and tensile strength of rapid manufacturing parts. Adv Mater Res, 2014, 903: 114 DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.903.114
|
| [28] |
Shi X Z, Ma S Y, Liu C M, et al. Selective laser melting-wire arc additive manufacturing hybrid fabrication of Ti‒6Al‒4V alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng A, 2017, 684: 196 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.065
|
| [29] |
Bhardwaj A, Toshniwal K, Wahed M A, et al. Microstructural and SEM analysis on thin sheets of Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to biaxial and uniaxial tensile tests. Mater Today Proc, 2018, 5(2): 3729 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.625
|
Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd. 
DownLoad: